Introduction to the F-35 Lightning II
The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II is one of the most transformative military aircraft in modern times. First flown in 2006, it has become the world’s most widely deployed fifth-generation fighter. More than 1,200 F-35s are currently operational across 20 nations, marking it as the foremost multinational stealth fighter. Here, we examine the top 10 countries by F-35 fleet size and discuss the significance of these numbers for future global security.
10. Denmark
Denmark has ordered 27 F-35A Lightning IIs and started receiving deliveries in the early 2020s. By 2025, the Royal Danish Air Force has a growing fleet, with some aircraft stationed in the U.S. for training. Replacing its F-16s, Denmark’s F-35s strengthen NATO Baltic and Arctic air policing, offering significant capability improvements for a small air force.
9. South Korea
South Korea’s order of 60 F-35A Lightning IIs sees nearly 40 operational by 2025. The jets play a crucial role in deterring North Korea’s missile and nuclear threats. Operating from reinforced airbases, South Korea’s F-35s enhance its strike capabilities with advanced stealth and sensors. Expanding this fleet with F-35Bs for naval operations is under consideration.
8. The Netherlands
The Royal Netherlands Air Force is transitioning from F-16s to 52 F-35As, with over 40 delivered by 2025. Integral to Dutch NATO commitments, these aircraft support quick reaction missions and Europe-wide exercises. As a Joint Strike Fighter program partner, the Netherlands ensures interoperability with NATO allies.
7. Norway
Norway has fully received its order of 52 F-35As. These aircraft secure NATO’s northern frontier from Ørland and Evenes bases, replacing F-16s in alert duties. Norway’s fleet is deeply integrated into NATO’s defense networks, enhancing Arctic deterrence and response.
6. Israel
Israel has ordered approximately 75 F-35s, and around 50 are delivered by 2025. Locally known as “Adir,” the F-35A fleet is equipped with customized Israeli systems. They were first used in combat in 2018, providing Israel a strategic air advantage.
5. Italy
Italy’s diverse F-35 fleet includes 75 F-35As and 20–40 F-35Bs. Deliveries serve both the Air Force and Navy, with the -B variant operational on the carrier Cavour. Italy hosts a final assembly facility contributing to European aircraft production.
4. Australia
Australia has completed its order of 72 F-35As, fully transitioning from Hornet fighters. The F-35 enhances strike capabilities in the Indo-Pacific with advanced systems and integration with U.S. forces.
3. United Kingdom
The UK, a founding program partner, operates F-35Bs for both the Air Force and Navy, with approximately 40 operational by 2025. These jets deploy from the HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales carriers, reinforcing UK carrier strike capacity.
2. Japan
Japan, the largest F-35 operator outside the U.S., has ordered 147 aircraft, with over 60 operational by 2025. The F-35s replace legacy fighters and extend Japan’s naval aviation capabilities by deploying F-35Bs on converted helicopter destroyers.
1. United States
The United States is the primary operator of the F-35, with plans for 2,400+ aircraft and over 400 already in service by 2025. U.S. F-35s span all three variants: the F-35A, F-35B, and carrier-based F-35C. These jets are globally deployed, with ongoing upgrades ensuring technological superiority.
Global F-35 Deployment Overview
| Rank | Country | Fleet / Total Order | Variant(s) | Special Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | USA | ~400+ in service / 2,400+ planned | A / B / C | Global deployments, largest operator |
| 2 | Japan | 147 ordered / ~60+ delivered | A / B | First shipborne fleet since WWII |
| 3 | UK | ~40 in service / 60–80 planned | B only | Carrier ops from QE-class carriers |
| 4 | Australia | 72 delivered (full order) | A only | Full fleet operational |
| 5 | Italy | 75 F-35A + 20–40 F-35B | A / B | FACO hub, naval aviation restored |
| 6 | Israel | 75 ordered / ~50 delivered | F-35I (A variant) | Customized with local systems |
| 7 | Norway | 52 delivered (full order) | A only | Arctic NATO missions |
| 8 | Netherlands | 52 ordered / 40+ delivered | A only | Transitioning from F-16 |
| 9 | South Korea | 60 ordered / ~40 delivered | A only | Deterrence vs. North Korea |
| 10 | Denmark | 27 ordered / deliveries underway | A only | NATO air policing missions |
The F-35 serves as more than just an advanced fighter jet. Its value lies in the network it forms globally, connecting allies through a shared stealth platform and integrated capabilities. In potential future conflicts, the strength of an interoperable fifth-generation coalition could prove decisive.
